Vapor-lamp.



PATENTED FER-2l, 1905.

W. P. WARREN.

VAPOR LAMP.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 6.1904.

3 SHEETS-SHEET l.

No. 783,339. PATBNTED FEB. 21, 1905. W. P. WARREN.

VAPOR LAMP.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 6.1904.

3 SHEETHHEET 2.

Z/JZTM/ww MWMLM, z M V y NTTED STATES Patented February 21, 1905.

PATENT Trice.

WALTER P. WARREN, OF LONDON, ENGLAND, ASSlGNOR OF TVVO-THIRDS TO JAMESCHARLES PAIN, JR., AND ALBERT ESOOLME, OF LONDON,

ENGLAND.

VAPOR-LAMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 783,339, dated February21, 1905i.

Application filed April 6, 1904. Serial No. 201,866.

T (all 'LU/'00111, it 'ntf/1] (zo/werm- Be it known that I, VALTERPELHAM WAR- REN, engineer, a subject of the King of Great Britain,residing at 525 Holloway road, London, England, have invented certainnew and useful Improvements in Vapor-Lamps, of which the following is aspecification.

This invention relates to lamps and burners using liquid hydrocarbons;and the objects of IO this invention are (inte/1' alza) to provide alamp and burner which will minimize the risks attendant on the use ofliquid hydrocarbons either from the leakage of the liquid through thevarious parts when the lamp or burner is I5 in any other than a verticalposition or from the gaseous vapors in the body of the lamp coming intocontact with fiame, and so causing an explosion; to provide a burnerwhich may be employed with or without a forced 2O draft, whichautomatically vaporizes the liquid, and which is free from liability tobe extinguished by vibration or jar, such as is commonly experienced onordinary road and other vehicles; to simplify the means of manipulatingthe wick, and to insure an even and, constant supply of hydrocarbons atthe point of combustion so long as any remain in the reservoir, butirrespective of the quantity of such liquid which may be in thereservoir.

'ln the accompanying drawings, Figure lis a view of the lamp and burner,the parts being shown in vertical section. Fig. 2 is a hori- Zontalcross-sectional view through the burner part of the lamp on the line 66, Fig. 1. Fig. 3S 3 is a horizontal cross-sectional view on the line 77, Fig. l: Fig. A is a perspective view showing' the absorbent fillinginthe act of being rolled round the wick. Fig. is a perspective view ofthe absorbent filling rolled completely round the wick, ready forinsertion in the perforated chamber. Fig.V 6 is an exterior View of theburner and top part of the lamp, showing the arrangement of chimney andglobe. Fig. 7 is similar view to Fig. 6, but showing a chimney withenlargement at the lower end thereof which may be used in place of acylindrical chimney and globe, as in Fig. 6. Fig. 8 shows a modifiedarrangement wherein the absorbent filling is arranged in a cylinder orchamber which is only perforated or porous at the lower end thereof, andsuch chamber and absorbent filling is used in the position shown-viz.immersed in the reservoir containing the liquid hydrocarbonsthis Fig. 8showing a further modificationnamely, two fiat wicks (or a circular wickcan be employed, if desired, with this reservoir arrangement) -the upperpart-z'. e. the burner portionbeing removed, same being of any suitableconstructionesuch, for example, as the ordinary form of duplex burner,with two flat wicks.

l will first of all describe my invention with reference to theaccompanying drawings as carried into practice with a circularwick lamp.a is circular wick, which in the case illustrated is shown as a circularcore of wick material-t'. c., non-tubularand in this wick I insert fromend to end thereof a metal core or strip e, advantageously in the formof a copper wire, (which I will hereinafter refer to as the wire 2,) thelength of this wire e being such that at its lower end it will rest onthe bottom of the lamp or bottom of the case in-` Yend will extend tothe top of the wick or just above samet'. c., this wire extends up tothe point of combustion, or thercabout--and though relative longitudinalmovement is possible between the wick a and the wire a nevertheless suchrelative movement cannot easily take place. Thus as the wick burns awayor becomes reduced in length then when the wick'is raised by thestar-wheel f; (or by any other suitable means) the wire is pushed downby the operator until said wire .e rests or bears vagainst the bottom ofthe aforesaid casing or reservoir, and thereafter any shaking, jolting,or vibration of the lamp (to which same is ordinarily liable to besubjected) will not cause the wick to descend, as with the assistance ofthis wire e, thus located the wick is firmly held in any position towhich it is adjusted, as aforesaid. Round this core of wick materialforming the wick a l then roll or place one complete lap or winding ofblotting-paper or the like close-grained absorbent (see Figs. 4 and 5,)so that said wick a is completely surrounded by blotting-paper t or thelike close-grained absorbent, hereinafter' referred to as"blotting-paper,7 and I then commence to roll or place flannel or thelike open-grained absorbent material cn'ext to the blotting-paper androll about three or four laps or windings of said alternate layers ofblotting-paper and iiannel c, and after these four or five laps ofblotting-paper, alternating with layers of flannel, no moreblotting-paper is used, and the windings are continued with flannel onlyor the like open-grained absorbent c (hereinafter referred to asflannel) until the desired diameter or size of absorbent materials isarrived at, whereupon this roll (of absorbent materials a, b, and c) isnow inserted in a perforated case, such as the cylindrical perforatedchamber CZ, which perforated tube or chamber d is open at both its topand bottom ends,such tubular chamber d being advantageously brazed orotherwise fixed to the short downwardly-extending tubular portion@ ofthe cap f, which supports the burner. g is the outer case, consisting ofthe solid walled cylindrical tube g, closed at its bottom end, and atits upper end said outer casing or envelop g is adapted to slide overand fit closely the tubular part e of said cap f. The oil absorbing andholding device thus formed and' and size, and to charge this cartridgewith a supply of oil all that it is necessary to do is to slide off theouter casing g, then dip the cartridge for a moment in any suitableliquid hydrocarbon in any suitable vessel or holder, whereupon theabsorbent material will quickly become fully charged with the liquidhydrocarbons, and the cartridge is then lifted out of the liquid(allowed to drain for a moment) and then replaced in its casing g and isagain ready for use. The casing g maybe secured and retained in positionon the cap f by any suitable means. The burner for use with thisround-wick cartridge is as follows: On the cap or topf of the cartridgethere is fixed the wick-tube L, the bottom end of which advantageouslyextends a short distance below the cap f, so as to enter the cartridge,and at its upper end this wick-tube 7L is flared or bellmouthed orprovided with a conical top portion, such as e', 'which latter hasa-ring of perforationsj'provided therein, and between such fiared top a'and cap f thiswick-tube z. is slotted at /t to enable the points of thestar-wheel c to enter the wick a for the purpose of raising or loweringthe latter, this star-wheel 712- being a convenient device for raisingor lowerlng the w1ck;rbut obviously any other equivalent or suitablemeans may be employed for this purpose.

Z is a support fixed to the cap f to form a seating for the hood m, overwhich supportl the hood m is adapted to fit down stifiiy, so as to beheld firmly thereon in position during the burning of the lamp andprotect the fiame from gusts of air and the like. This hood m is open atits top end and is provided with a ring of apertures n, located aboutmidway of the height of said hood m, so as to permit an adequate supplyof air to pass upward between the outside of the wick-tube /t withfiared top vl and the interior of said hood, and thus form an efficientair-supply for the flame, said hood m being slotted at m/ to permit sameto fit down over the star-wheel 70, part of which star-wheel thusprojects through said hood m to enable the wick to be raised or loweredby such star-wheel r: without removal of the hood m. The star-wheel cmay be provided with a shaft and milled head thereon to rotate in theusual manner, if desired. Any suit` able chimneys may be used inconjunction with this burner; but where a chimney and globe areemployed, as in Fig. 6, the chimney o must be supported slightly abovethe top of the hood m, so as to afford access of air over the top ofsaid hood m to the flame issuing therefrom, such chimney 0 being mountedin any suitable manner-for example, by the support p and thespring-guides q-the globe r beingmounted in a gallery of the usual orany suitable type of a character adapted to admit air at the lower partof' said globe.

In Fig. 7 no globe is shown, the chimney s being' formed with anenlargement s' at the lower part thereof and is supported in a galleryin about the positionv shown, so that air admitted at the lower end ofsaid chimney can pass upward over the top of said hood m and also passto the interior of said hood m through the apertures n, as before.

In Fig. 8 each of the two fiat wicks are surrounded by blotting-paperand outside of this blotting-paper there is packed any suitableabsorbent material u, the whole being contained in the case fv, thelower portion only IOO IIO

of which is perforatednamely, at /z/-which i perforated portion isimmersed in the liquid hydrocarbon contained in any suitablelampreservoir w.

A wire or wires e is inserted in each fiat wick, and such wicks whenprovided with wires capable of longitudinal movement in relation to suchwicks and of such a length that they reach from just below the flame tothe bottom of the oil-container are even without any absorbent envelopof great usein that they prevent the wicks dropping into the containerif turned down too low, and such wicks can be much more easily insertedinto the wick-tube than if without the wires, and

the heat conductivity of the wires tends to assist vaporizationof theoil.

The wick-tubes for table-lamp purposes may be Lstraight-through tubes inthe ordinary way, or for the purpose of lamps burning without achimneyr-such as van-lamps, hand-lamps, &c.-the top ends of thewicktubes a* may be turned inward, as shown at a, Fig. 8, and each endof said flat-wick tubes in such case are advantageously cut away. rIhisarrangement of inturned edge or flange at the top of the wick-tubes nemay, if desired, be provided by forming said inturned edges on removablecaps, the latter being adapted to slide over the wick-tubes, on whichthey fit down tightly.

It will be obvious that, if desired, the circular-wick burner, as hereindescribed, may be employed independently of the cartridges a b c Z andwire .e-as,for example, such burner may be employed with an ordinarycircular wick immersed in a body of hydrocarbon liquid in thelamp-reservoir in the ordinary way. Also it will be obvious that theaforesaid cartridges c Z; c CZ and wire e, constructed according to thepresent invention, may be employed with other than the precise form ofburner described and illustrated, as although I have described and setforth the best forms of burner at present known to me for use inconjunction with such cartridge, nevertheless it will be obvious thatanyiother suitable burner may be used, if desired, in conjunction withsaid cartridge, as aforesaid.

If desired, any suitable heat-non-conducting or insulatory material maybe inserted or employed between the burner and the bodyA or cartridge toprevent or reduce heat being conveyed from the liquid hydrocarbons inthe absorbent material. For example, a washer or packing 1/ ofheat-insulating material, such as asbestos, may be inserted inside thetop of the perforated chamber/close under the cap f.

In forming the cartridge by rolling the two absorbent materials roundthe wick or round a templet corresponding to the wick t or correspondingto the flat wicks (as the case may be) care must be taken that this isdone in such wise that the circular wick a (or other shaped wick, as thecase may be) may be readily slid in or out of the interior space thusformed in the roll of absorbent materials b and c or other absorbent, asthe case may be. It will also be obvious that, if desired, the layers ofabsorbent material may be placed in position round the wick (whether thelatter be circular or otherwise) in other ways than by rolling orwinding such absorbent materials, as aforesaid, although I consider therolling or winding of such materials to be the simplest and easiest wayto form these cartridges.

From the foregoing description it will be obvious that the wick and theabsorbent materials are and must be in contact with one another orarranged in such wise that the oil held in these various absorbentmaterials can all (or practically all) pass readily and evenly from allparts of said absorbent materials to bons, a device for supplying oilcomprising a wick, a layer of fine-grained material surrounding saidwick, and a layer of coarsegrained material surrounding saidfine-grained material, in combination with means for isolating theignition-surface of said wick from said latter-named elements,substantially as described.

2. In lamps for burning liquid hydrocarbons, a device supplying oilcomprisinga wick, a layer of close-textured fabric surrounding said wickand a layer of loose-textured fabric surrounding said close-texturedfabric in combination with means for isolating the ignitionsurface ofsaid wick from said latter-named elements, substantially as described.

3. In lamps for burning liquid hydrocarbons, a-device for supplying oilcomprising a wiclga piece of line-grained material wound spirally aboutsaid wick, a piece of coarsegrained material wound spirally between thelayers of said line-grained material and a further winding ofcoarse-grained material outside of said spiral windings, substantiallyas described.

4L. In lamps for burning liquid hydrocarbons, a device for supplying oilcomprising a wick, a layer of fine-grained material surrounding saidwick, and a layer of coarsegrained material surrounding saidfine-grained material, the whole wound upon ametal core, in combinationwith means for isolating the ignition-surface of said wick from saidcoarse and line grained materials, snbstantiall y as described.

5. In lamps for burning liquid hydrocarbons, adevice for supplying oilcomprising a wick, a' layer of fine-grained material surrounding saidwick, and a layer of coarsegrained material surrounding saidfine-grained material, means for isolating one end of said wick fromsaid latter-named elements, a perforated wall surrounding saidoil-supplying device, and a suitable vessel for containing the same,substantially as described.

6. In lamps for burning liquid hydrocarbons, a device supplyingoilcomprisinga wick, a layer of close-textured fabric surrounding' saidwick and a layer of loose-textured fabric surrounding saidclose-textured fabric, means for isolating one end of said wick fromsaid latter-named elements, a perforated wall sur- IIO IZO

rounding said oil-supplying device, andasuitl suitable casing, anapertured wick-tube exable vessel for containing the same, substantiallyas described.

7. In lamps for burning liquid hydrocarbons, a device for supplying oilcomprising'a wick, a layer of blotting-paper surrounding said wick, anda layer of flannel surrounding said blotting-paper, means for isolating'one end of said wick from said latter-named elements, a perforated tubesurrounding said flannel, and a suitable vessel in which the Whole isplaced, substantially as described.

8. In lamps for burning liquid hydrocarbons, a suitable outer casing, aperforated tube constructed to fit loosely therein, a device forsupplying oil within said' tube comprising a wick, a layer offine-grained material surrounding said wick and a layer of coarsegrainedmaterial surrounding said fine` grained material, and a metal corewithin said wick constructed to have a bearing upon the bottom of saidouter casing, substantially as described.

9. In lamps for burning liquid hydrocarbons, a device for supplying oilcomprising a wiclga plurality of alternate layers of blottingpaper andflannel surrounding said wick, the

. Whole wound upon a metal core and placed within a suitable inclosingcasing, in combination with means for isolating the ignition-surface ofsaid wick from said blotting-paper and flannel, substantially asdescribed.

10. 'In lamps for burning liquid hydrocarbons, a device for supplyingoil comprising' a wick, and a roll comprising alternate layers of lineand coarse grained material wound loosely thereon whereby said wick iscapable of a longitudinal movement within said layers, substantially asdescribed.

11. In lamps for burning liquid hydrocarbons, a device for supplying oilcomprising a Y wick, a roll comprising alternate layers of fine andcoarse grained material wound loosely thereon whereby said wick iscapable of a longitudinal movement within said layers, and a metal corefor said wick whereon the same is guided in its movement, substantiallyas described.

12. In lamps for burning liquid hydrocarbons, a device for supplying oilcomprising a wick, a roll comprising alternate layers of close and loosetextured fabric wound loosely thereon whereby said wick is capable of alongitudinal movement within said layers, and a metal core for said wickwhereon the same is guided in its movement, substantially as described;

18. In lamps for burning liquid hydrocarbons, a device for supplying oilcomprising a wick, a layer of fine-grained material surrounding saidwick, and a layer of coarsegrained material surrounding said.finegrained material, a perforated tube surrounding said device and thewhole inclosed ina tending above the-wick provided with abellmouth and aprojecting hood inclosing said wick-tube at a distance therefromprovided with an open top and perforated sides, substantially asdescribed.

14. In lamps for burning liquid hydrocarbons, a device for supplying oilcomprising a wick, a layer of blotting-paper surrounding said wick, anda layer of annel surrounding said 'blotting-paper, a perforated tubesurrounding said device and the whole inclosed in a suitable casing, anapertured wick-tube extending above thewick provided with a bell-mouth,and a projecting hood inclosing said Wick-tube at a distance therefromprovided with an open top and perforated sides, substantially asdescribed.

15. In lamps for burning liquid hydrocarbons, a device for supplying oilcomprising a wick, and a roll comprising alternate layers of fine andcoarse grained material surrounding said wick, the whole wound upon ametal core and placed within a suitable inclosing casing, an aperturedwick-tube extending above the wick provided with a bell-mouth, and aprojecting hood inclosing said wick-tube at a distance therefromprovided with an open top and perforated sides, substantially asdescribed.

16. In lamps for burning liquid hydrocarbons, a wick and burner thereforcomprising a wick-tube adapted to surround the upper part of said wickand extend above the top of it, an outwardly-sloping apertured flangeforming a bell-mouth at the top end of the wicktube, a hood inclosingsaid top part of the wick-tube, extending above it, and having anair-passage between the outside of said top part of the wick-tube andthe inside of the hood, said hood provided with holes to admit air tothe inside thereof, substantially as described.

17. In lamps for burning liquid hydrocarbons, a wick and burner thereforcomprising a wick-tube adapted to surround the upper part of said wickand extend above vthe top of it, an outwardly-sloping apertured flangeforming a bell-mouth at the top end of the wicktube, an open-topped hoodinclosing said top part of the wick-tube,'extending aboveit, and leavingan air-passage between the outside of said top part of the wick-tube andthe inside of the hood, said hood provided with holes to admit air tothe inside thereof, and a chimney adapted to cause or permit theconvergence of air onto the outside of the flame as it rises above thecentral aperture at the top of the hood, substantially as described.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of twowitnesses.

IALTER P. WARREN.

Witnesses:

HENRY BIRKBECK, H. D. JAMESON.

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